Introduction		3
Contents		5
Preface		7
	When to prescribe a functional appliance & chapter layout	9
	The use of a functional appliance design card	10
	Introduction to the colour photographic plates	12
Plates I-VIII		12
Chapter One	The Frankel System	13
Design Card 1	A Frankel appliance for Class II Division 1 occlusions with normal or reduced overbites	16
Design Card 2	A Frankel appliance with lower incisor capping for Class II Division 1 occlusions with deep and complete overbites	18
Design Card 3	A Frankel appliance for Class III occlusions with 'Kingston' modified buccal shields	20
Chapter Two	Expansion and Labial Segment Alignment Appliances (ELSAA's)	22
Design Card 4	A range of Expansion and Labial Segment Alignment Appliances for Class II Division 1 occlusions	24
Design Card 5	Elsaa's for Class II Division 2 occlusions Elsaa's for Class II Division 1 occlusions with instanding 2|2	26
Design Card 6	Elsaa's with anterior bite-plates and NO anterior aligning wires Elsaa's with anterior bite-plates and also anterior springs	28
Design Card 7	Elsaa's for mid-arch extraction cases, (4's or 5's) Elsaa's for cases with extraction of upper 6's or 6|6 Xbites	30
Chapter Three	Activators	32
Design Card 8A	A medium opening activator-palatal (MOA-Palatal)	36
Design Card 8B	Reactivation of the medium opening activator-palatal	40
Design Card 9	A medium opening activator-palatal with anterior brackets	42
Design Card 10	A medium opening activator-labial (MOA-Labial)	44
Design Card 11	A medium opening activator-labial with anterior brackets	48
Chapter Four	'Intrusive' Functional Appliances	52
Design Card 12A	The fabrication of the very high pull 'intrusive' headgear	56
Design Card 12B	The fabrication of the linking system to intrusive appliances	58
Design Card 13	The Clark twin buccal blocks - Function & modification	60
Design Card 14	The buccal segment intrusion splint (BIS)	62
Design Card 15	The maxillary intrusion splint (MIS)	66
Design Card 16	The MIS with concorde whisker & Clark type lower traction plate	70
Design Card 17	The intrusive activator	74
Chapter Five	The Herbst Acrylic Splint	78
Design Card 18	Clinical guidance on Herbst prescription	86
	Technical construction of the upper splint	88
	Technical construction of the lower splint	90
Chapter Six	Further Reading and some 'Key' References	92
	'An introductory overview'	92
	Suggested further reading relevant to Chapters One to Five	93
	Wire diameter and gauge conversion chart	97
Index		98
Acknowledgements		102
List of Plates
Plate I	Bite Taking and Impression Technique
Plate II	Expansion and Labial Segment Alignment Appliances (ELSAA's)
Plate III	ELSAA's (contd)
Plate IV	Activators
Plate V	Activators (contd)
Plate VI	'Intrusive' Functional Appliances
Plate VII	The Herbst Acrylic Splint
Plate VIII	The Function Regulators - Frankel Appliances (FR's)